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  <ul>
    <li><a href="#inheritedwidget使用"><strong>InheritedWidget</strong>使用</a></li>
    <li><a href="#inheritedwidget源码分析"><strong>InheritedWidget</strong>源码分析</a>
      <ul>
        <li></li>
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    <article class="post">
        <header>
            <h1 class="post-title">Flutter组件InheritedWidget的使用和源码分析</h1>
        </header>
        <date class="post-meta meta-date">
            2021年8月27日
        </date>
        
        <div class="post-meta">
            <span>|</span>
            
            <span class="meta-category"><a href='/categories/Flutter'>Flutter</a></span>
            
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            <span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv">|<span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span><span>
                    阅读</span></span>
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        <div class="post-content">
            <h2 id="inheritedwidget使用"><strong>InheritedWidget</strong>使用</h2>
<p>我们先用一个Demo来看看<strong>InheritedWidget</strong>的使用方法。Demo如下，<strong>InheritedWidget</strong>子类<strong>InfoWidget</strong>的<code>number</code>数值变化后，底下的三个<strong>InfoChildWidget</strong>显示的<code>number</code>也会变化。</p>
<p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://p3-juejin.byteimg.com/tos-cn-i-k3u1fbpfcp/537376ec27c34e239dade57609117859~tplv-k3u1fbpfcp-watermark.awebp">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="demo" src="https://p3-juejin.byteimg.com/tos-cn-i-k3u1fbpfcp/537376ec27c34e239dade57609117859~tplv-k3u1fbpfcp-watermark.awebp" />
        </a>
    </p>
<p>接下来我们来写代码。</p>
<ul>
<li>由于<strong>InheritedWidget</strong>是抽象类，我们创建一个继承 自<strong>InheritedWidget</strong>的<strong>InfoWidget</strong>。</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>class InfoWidget extends InheritedWidget {
  // 1
  final int number;
    
  // 2    
  InfoWidget({Key key, @required this.number, @required child})
      : super(key: key, child: child);
    
  //3    
  @override
  bool updateShouldNotify(InfoWidget oldWidget) {
    return number != oldWidget.number;
  }
  
  // 4
  static InfoWidget of(BuildContext context) {
    return context.dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType(); 
  }
  
}

</code></pre><p>代码说明：</p>
<ol>
<li><code>number</code>就是定义的共享的数据；</li>
<li><strong>InfoWidget</strong>的构造函数中，有三个参数除了<code>key</code>外，都是必传参数，<code>number</code>是外部传入的给<strong>InfoWidget</strong>共享的数据，<code>child</code>是<strong>子Widget</strong>；</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li><strong>InheritedWidget</strong>是<strong>Widget</strong>的子类，但是没有<strong>StatefulWidget</strong>类似的<strong>State</strong>，这样<strong>InheritedWidget</strong>的所有属性都是不可变的，所以数据是需要<strong>父Widget</strong>提供的。</li>
<li><code>child</code>是<strong>InheritedWidget</strong>的必传参数，所以子类也得是必传参数。</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<ol>
<li><strong>InheritedWidget</strong>的子类需要重写<code>updateShouldNotify</code>方法，这个方法如果返回<code>true</code>，则会回调<strong>StatefulElement</strong>中<strong>state</strong>的<code>didChangeDependencies</code>方法；</li>
<li><code>of</code>这个静态方法是留给<strong>子Widget</strong>使用的，<strong>子Widget</strong>可以通过它获取到<strong>InheritedWidget</strong>的共享数据。</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>取<code>of</code>方法名是个约定俗成，当然也可以随便取个合法的方法名。</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>建一个<strong>Widget</strong>，它可以显示<strong>InfoWidget</strong>共享的数据</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>class InfoChildWidget extends StatelessWidget {
  
  // 1
  const InfoChildWidget();

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // 2
    final int number = InfoWidget.of(context).number;
    return Text(&quot;$number&quot;, style: TextStyle(color: Colors.amber, fontSize: 40));
  }
}

</code></pre><ol>
<li>使用<strong>InfoChildWidget</strong>的<strong>常量构造函数</strong>是为了解决不必要的重建和销毁。</li>
<li><code>InfoWidget.of(context)</code>就是上面提到的给<strong>子Widget</strong>使用的<code>of</code>静态方法，然后取到<strong>number</strong>就可以直接显示了。</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>使用</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>InfoWidget(
    number: _number,
        child: Center(
            child: Column(
              mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
              children: [
                InfoChildWidget(),
                InfoChildWidget(),
                InfoChildWidget(),
              ],
            ),
        ),
    )

</code></pre><p>使用的时候是将<strong>InfoChildWidget</strong>做为<strong>InfoWidget</strong>的<strong>子Widget</strong>，我这里特意中间加了<strong>Center</strong>和<strong>Column</strong>，就是为了指出<strong>InfoChildWidget</strong>不一定需要是<strong>直接子Widget</strong>。</p>
<ul>
<li>所有代码如下：</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      theme: ThemeData(
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
      ),
      home: MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo'),
    );
  }
}

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
  MyHomePage({Key key, this.title}) : super(key: key);
  final String title;

  @override
  _MyHomePageState createState() =&gt; _MyHomePageState();
}

class _MyHomePageState extends State&lt;MyHomePage&gt; {
  int _number = 0;
  void _incrementCounter() {
    _number = Random().nextInt(100);
    setState(() {});
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text(widget.title),
      ),
      body: Center(
        child: InfoWidget(
          number: _number,
          child: Center(
            child: Column(
              mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
              children: [
                InfoChildWidget(),
                InfoChildWidget(),
                InfoChildWidget(),
              ],
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: _incrementCounter,
        tooltip: 'Increment',
        child: Icon(Icons.add),
      ),
    );
  }
}

&lt;!-- InfoWidget --&gt;
class InfoWidget extends InheritedWidget {
  final int number;

  InfoWidget({Key key, @required this.number, @required child})
      : super(key: key, child: child);

  @override
  bool updateShouldNotify(InfoWidget oldWidget) {
    return number != oldWidget.number;
  }

  static InfoWidget of(BuildContext context) {
    return context.dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType();
  }
}

&lt;!-- InfoChildWidget --&gt;
class InfoChildWidget extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final int number = InfoWidget.of(context).number;
    return Text(&quot;$number&quot;, style: TextStyle(color: Colors.amber, fontSize: 40));
  }
}

</code></pre><p>效果如下：</p>
<p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://p3-juejin.byteimg.com/tos-cn-i-k3u1fbpfcp/63feedb5fe8c4db1b6862495db042356~tplv-k3u1fbpfcp-watermark.awebp">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="效果" src="https://p3-juejin.byteimg.com/tos-cn-i-k3u1fbpfcp/63feedb5fe8c4db1b6862495db042356~tplv-k3u1fbpfcp-watermark.awebp" />
        </a>
    </p>
<h2 id="inheritedwidget源码分析"><strong>InheritedWidget</strong>源码分析</h2>
<h5 id="设置inheritedwidgets">设置inheritedWidgets</h5>
<p>每个<strong>Element</strong>都有一个<strong>key</strong>为<strong>InheritedWidget</strong>类型，值为<strong>InheritedElement</strong>的<strong>Map</strong>属性<code>_inheritedWidgets</code>。</p>
<pre><code>Map&lt;Type, InheritedElement&gt;? _inheritedWidgets;

</code></pre><p>每个<strong>Widget</strong>生成的<strong>Element</strong>挂载到<strong>Element Tree</strong>上的时候都会调用<code>mount</code>方法：</p>
<pre><code>&lt;!-- Element --&gt;
void mount(Element? parent, dynamic newSlot) {
    _updateInheritance();
}

</code></pre><p><code>mount</code>方法会调用<code>_updateInheritance</code>方法：</p>
<pre><code>&lt;!-- Element --&gt;
void _updateInheritance() {
    _inheritedWidgets = _parent?._inheritedWidgets;
}

</code></pre><p>如果不是<strong>InheritedElement</strong>,则<code>_inheritedWidgets</code>都指向父<strong>Element</strong>的<code>_inheritedWidgets</code>。</p>
<pre><code>&lt;!-- InheritedElement --&gt;
void _updateInheritance() {
    final Map&lt;Type, InheritedElement&gt;? incomingWidgets = _parent?._inheritedWidgets;
    if (incomingWidgets != null)
      _inheritedWidgets = HashMap&lt;Type, InheritedElement&gt;.from(incomingWidgets);
    else
      _inheritedWidgets = HashMap&lt;Type, InheritedElement&gt;();
    _inheritedWidgets![widget.runtimeType] = this;
}

</code></pre><p>如果是<strong>InheritedElement</strong>,先拷贝一份父节点的<code>_inheritedWidgets</code>, 然后添加或者替换key为<strong>widget.runtimeType</strong>，值为<strong>InheritedElement</strong>的键值对。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>注意：这里如果父类有相同的<strong>widget.runtimeType</strong>，则会被替换，也就是说如果有多个相同的<strong>InheritedWidget</strong>，子节点的<strong>Element</strong>只能找到离它最近的那个。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://p3-juejin.byteimg.com/tos-cn-i-k3u1fbpfcp/ac49979e388245608e6a27082461858d~tplv-k3u1fbpfcp-watermark.awebp">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="inheritedWidgets" src="https://p3-juejin.byteimg.com/tos-cn-i-k3u1fbpfcp/ac49979e388245608e6a27082461858d~tplv-k3u1fbpfcp-watermark.awebp" />
        </a>
    </p>
<h5 id="子element对inheritedelement并添加依赖"><strong>子Element</strong>对<strong>InheritedElement</strong>并添加依赖</h5>
<p>我们来看看<code>of</code>类方法调用的<code>dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType</code>方法：</p>
<pre><code>&lt;!-- Element --&gt;
Set&lt;InheritedElement&gt;? _dependencies;

T? dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType&lt;T extends InheritedWidget&gt;({Object? aspect}) {
    // 1
    final InheritedElement? ancestor = _inheritedWidgets == null ? null : _inheritedWidgets![T];
    if (ancestor != null) {
      // 2
      return dependOnInheritedElement(ancestor, aspect: aspect) as T;
    }
    _hadUnsatisfiedDependencies = true;
    return null;
}

InheritedWidget dependOnInheritedElement(InheritedElement ancestor, { Object? aspect }) {
    _dependencies ??= HashSet&lt;InheritedElement&gt;();
    // 3
    _dependencies!.add(ancestor);
    // 3
    ancestor.updateDependencies(this, aspect);
    return ancestor.widget;
}

</code></pre><ol>
<li>从<code>_inheritedWidgets</code>这个<strong>Map</strong>中找到类型对应的<strong>InheritedElement</strong>；</li>
<li>如果找到则调用<code>dependOnInheritedElement</code>方法；<code>dependOnInheritedElement</code>方法主要是将<strong>InheritedElement</strong>加入到<code>_dependencies</code>这个<strong>Set</strong>中，然后<strong>InheritedElement</strong>调用<code>updateDependencies</code>方法把<strong>子Element</strong>加入到<code>_dependents</code>中。</li>
</ol>
<pre><code>&lt;!-- InheritedElement --&gt;
void updateDependencies(Element dependent, Object? aspect) {
    setDependencies(dependent, null);
}

void setDependencies(Element dependent, Object? value) {
    _dependents[dependent] = value;
}

final Map&lt;Element, Object?&gt; _dependents = HashMap&lt;Element, Object?&gt;();

</code></pre><p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://p3-juejin.byteimg.com/tos-cn-i-k3u1fbpfcp/b5cff7b71cec418f9e184a4792e981e8~tplv-k3u1fbpfcp-watermark.awebp">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="updateDependencies" src="https://p3-juejin.byteimg.com/tos-cn-i-k3u1fbpfcp/b5cff7b71cec418f9e184a4792e981e8~tplv-k3u1fbpfcp-watermark.awebp" />
        </a>
    </p>
<h5 id="inheritedelement数据变化调用statefulelement的didchangedependencies方法"><strong>InheritedElement</strong>数据变化调用<strong>StatefulElement</strong>的<code>didChangeDependencies</code>方法：</h5>
<p><strong>InheritedWidget</strong>调用<code>build</code>方法的时候，会调用<code>notifyClients</code>方法：</p>
<pre><code>void updated(InheritedWidget oldWidget) {
    if (widget.updateShouldNotify(oldWidget))
      super.updated(oldWidget);
}
  
void updated(covariant ProxyWidget oldWidget) {
    notifyClients(oldWidget);
}

</code></pre><p><code>notifyClients</code>方法会对<code>_dependents</code>中的每个<strong>子Element</strong>调用<code>notifyDependent</code>方法，<strong>子Element</strong>会调用<code>didChangeDependencies</code>方法：</p>
<pre><code>void notifyClients(InheritedWidget oldWidget) {
    for (final Element dependent in _dependents.keys) {
      notifyDependent(oldWidget, dependent);
    }
}

void notifyDependent(covariant InheritedWidget oldWidget, Element dependent) {
    dependent.didChangeDependencies();
}

</code></pre><p><strong>子Element</strong>调用<code>didChangeDependencies</code>最后会重新构建：</p>
<pre><code>void didChangeDependencies() {
    markNeedsBuild();
}

</code></pre><p>当<strong>子Element</strong>为<strong>StateFulElement</strong>时，会将<code>_didChangeDependencies</code>置为true；</p>
<pre><code>void didChangeDependencies() {
    super.didChangeDependencies();
    _didChangeDependencies = true;
}

</code></pre><p>当重新构建时，<strong>StateFulElement</strong>会调用<strong>state</strong>的<code>didChangeDependencies</code>方法。</p>
<pre><code>void performRebuild() {
    if (_didChangeDependencies) {
      state.didChangeDependencies();
      _didChangeDependencies = false;
    }
    super.performRebuild();
}

</code></pre><p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://p3-juejin.byteimg.com/tos-cn-i-k3u1fbpfcp/12ce9975de014d328fa7e8c7399b7d03~tplv-k3u1fbpfcp-watermark.awebp">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="didChangeDependencies" src="https://p3-juejin.byteimg.com/tos-cn-i-k3u1fbpfcp/12ce9975de014d328fa7e8c7399b7d03~tplv-k3u1fbpfcp-watermark.awebp" />
        </a>
    </p>
<h2 id="总结">总结</h2>
<p><strong>InheritedWidget</strong>传递参数的方案只是把传参从<strong>Constructor</strong>变成了<strong>BuildContext</strong>。但是它还是有些的不完善的地方：</p>
<ol>
<li>某个类型的<strong>InheritedWidget</strong>只能获取到最近的那一个；</li>
<li>重新构建没法只重构依赖<strong>InheritedWidget</strong>的<strong>子Widget</strong>，性能上不是太好。</li>
</ol>

        </div>

        
<div class="post-archive">
    <ul class="post-copyright">
        <li><strong>原文作者：</strong><a rel="author" href="https://luckly.work/">luckly</a></li>
        <li style="word-break:break-all"><strong>原文链接：</strong><a href="https://luckly.work/post/flutter_widget/flutter%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6InheritedWidget%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%92%8C%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90/">https://luckly.work/post/flutter_widget/flutter%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6InheritedWidget%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%92%8C%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90/</a></li>
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